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September 2026

Boston made AI fluency mandatory. One comment asked the harder question.

4 min read
Policy & GovernanceAI Literacy & CurriculumAI in Schools

Boston made AI fluency a graduation requirement, mandatory across all high schools from September 2026. But one comment surfaced a deeper question about what 'fluency' really means.

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About the Author

Paul Penfold

Paul Penfold

Paul Penfold is an education and technology consultant based in Chiang Mai, Thailand, with six decades of experience spanning classroom teaching, academic research, government policy, and humanitarian service. He advises schools, ministries, and EdTech companies on AI in education, alternative education, and learning technology, and has published 37 papers on immersive and virtual-world learning. His career includes refugee education on the Thai-Cambodian border, pioneering virtual-world hospitality education at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and national tourism HR strategies across Asia and the Caribbean.

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