Scholarly Output

Research & Publications

A scholarly repository of peer-reviewed research, immersive learning studies, and government policy work — building possibility through education across six decades.

All research metrics — publications, h-index, and citations — are sourced from Google Scholar and can be verified on the public profile.

Research Metrics

27+

Publications

8

h-index

295+

Citations

Publications

26 of 26

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  1. 01

    2026 The black box in the research room

    2026· Journal for AI Generated Papers
  2. 02

    2026 Navigating AI governance

    2026· Preprint
  3. 03

    2026 Immersive research in the Metaverse

    2026· Final manuscript
  4. 04

    2026 Virtual learning: Second Life to Metaverse

    2026· With L. Al Hadhrami· Final manuscript
  5. 05

    2026 Immersive research in virtual worlds

    2026· Preprint
  6. 06

    2025 Virtual education in Second Life

    2025· With L. Al Hadhrami· Preprint
  7. 07

    2025 VR and the Metaverse in education

    2025· With L. Al Hadhrami· Applied and Computational Engineering
  8. 08

    2014 Confucian heritage culture learning approaches

    2014· With R. van der Veen· Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 14(1), 69–86
    34 citations
  9. 09

    2013 Hotel co-branding research in Second Life

    2013· With B.D. Guillet· International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 14(1), 23–49
    15 citations
  10. 10

    2012 Hospitality education in China

    2012· With L. Wei and A. Ladkin· Journal of China Tourism Research, 8(1), 61–77
    27 citations
  11. 11

    2011 Multi-user virtual environments in HE

    2011· Journal of Technical Education Science, 6(2), 42–53
  12. 12

    2010 Blended learning in hospitality and tourism

    2010· With L. Pang and S. Wong· Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 22(1), 15–22
    17 citations
  13. 13

    2009 Learning through Second Life

    2009· Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 8(2–3), 139–160
    14 citations
  14. 14

    2009 Second Life first year experience

    2009· With P. Duffy· Journal for Virtual Worlds Research, 2(5)
    12 citations
  15. 15

    2010 Virtual communities of practice

    2010· Third International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
    27 citations
  16. 16

    2010 Chinese tourism curriculum

    2010· With A. Ladkin· 8th APacCHRIE Conference
  17. 17

    2008 Blended learning perceptions

    2008· With L. Pang· Best Refereed Paper Award
    6 citations
  18. 18

    2007 Virtual hotel teaching environment

    2007· With H. Ma and W.F. Kong· IADIS International Conference Proceedings, 194–199
    11 citations
  19. 19

    2006 VIRTEL virtual hotel simulation

    2006· With W.F. Kong and W.K.A. Lee· Asia-Pacific Educational Research Association
    7 citations
  20. 20

    2011 Teaching and learning in virtual worlds

    n.d.· With C. Lau
  21. 21

    2010 Global education trends

    2010
  22. 22

    2011 Interviews with my Avatar

    2011· With B. Denizci and Z. Liu· AAOU Conference 2011, Penang, Malaysia
    Link coming soon
  23. 23

    2011 Multi-user virtual environments in HE

    2011· ELATE 2011
    Link coming soon
  24. 24

    2010 Hotel co-branding research in Second Life

    2010· With B. Denizci and Z. Liu· APacCHRIE 2010, Phuket, Thailand
    Link coming soon
  25. 25

    2009 Tourism education in virtual worlds

    2009· UNWTO Ulysses Education and Science Council Conference, Madrid
    Link coming soon
  26. 26

    2008 Educating my Avatar

    2008· The Role of New Technologies in Global Societies, Hong Kong
    Link coming soon

Government & Policy Reports

National tourism HR strategies, occupational standards, and curriculum reform commissioned by governments and development agencies across Asia and the Caribbean.

012020–2025

2020 Myanmar tourism recovery roadmap

Role: Team Leader

Luxembourg Development Cooperation Agency / Myanmar Government

022020–2025

2020 Myanmar recovery executive report

Role: Team Leader

Luxembourg Development Cooperation Agency

032020–2025

2020 Myanmar tourism marketing strategy

Role: Team Leader

Luxembourg Development Cooperation Agency

042017–2022

2017 Myanmar tourism HR strategy

Role: Team Leader

Luxembourg Development Cooperation Agency / Myanmar Government

05

2014 Nepal tourism HRD strategy

Role: Consultant

Government of Nepal / UNWTO

06

2015 Eastern Caribbean tourism plan

Role: Consultant

Organisation of East Caribbean States / EU

072016

2016 Myanmar public sector governance

Role: Compiled & edited; reviewed and edited by Paul Penfold

LuxDev Project MYA-001

082022

2022 Vietnam private sector HE investment

Role: Paul Penfold & Phạm Hiệp

GOPA International Consultants — For: GIZ / Ministry of Planning & Investment, Vietnam

092013

2013 Nepal tourism quality management

Role: UNWTO HRD & Quality Specialist

Ministry of Culture, Tourism & Civil Aviation, Nepal / UNWTO

102017

2017 Myanmar tourism management standards

Role: Paul Penfold

Project MYA/001, LuxDev / Ministry of Hotels and Tourism, Myanmar

112021

2021 Myanmar tourism occupational standards

Role: Coordinator

Myanmar Government

Link coming soon
122020

2020 Myanmar tourism national curriculum

Role: Coordinator

Myanmar Government

Link coming soon
13

Philippines tourism HR strategy

Role: Consultant

Asian Development Bank

Link coming soon